10 Types of Willow Trees by State: Pictures, Map, Chart

Forestry, Trees and Tree Planting | March 7, 2024

Types of weeping willow trees shown in images in circle frames including the purple willow tree, Bebb's willow and Corkscrew willow tree.

There are over 400 types of Willow tree species worldwide, but many people are only familiar with the weeping willow. These giant plants have unique branches and leaves, making them a top choice for landscaping.

If you are looking for the perfect types of Willow trees to plant in your yard, the following guide provides all the information about common Willow trees based on each state, Willow tree growing zones and the features of the most popular species in the country.

What Are The Common Types of Willow Trees in the US?

If you find the willow tree fascinating or want to add one to your garden as landscaping, you want to know about some common types that grow in the country.

1. Weeping Willow
(Salix babylonica)

The Weeping Willow⁶ species is one of the most famous willows in the US. It is a medium-sized tree that grows to 80 feet but has a short lifespan, ranging from 40-75 years.

Leaves: spiraled, measure 6 inches, deciduous, turn yellow when it’s fall
Bark: grayish-black or grayish-brown, furrowed

Photo of the Weeping Willowby the swamp.

(Image: Ettore Balocchi²²)

Flowers: catkins on different trees, produced in Spring
Fruits: dry green or brown capsule, has cotton-like seeds

2. White Willow
(Salix alba)

The White Willow species is one of the largest and fastest-growing willows, often surpassing the 80-feet mark.⁷ It is native to Asia, Africa, and Europe but emerged in the US in the 1700s, thriving in damp soils and near water bodies.

Leaves: thin, long, lanceolate, with serrated margins and white, leathery undersides
Bark: light-brown, rigged

Photo of White Willow planted in a swamp.

(Image: Willow²³)

Flowers: tiny green female and tiny yellow male catkins separate on different trees
Fruits: capsule with two valves, contains several numerous tiny seeds

3. Corkscrew Willow
(Salix matsudana)

The Corkscrew Willow’s⁸ special feature is its contorted branches that look remarkable when planted in gardens. It grows to 30 feet, and you can trim it regularly to enhance the stem growth and make it appear fuller.

Leaves: pinnate, alternate, simple with serrated margins
Bark: ridged, light brown furrows when aging

Close up image of the green and narrow leaves of a Corkscrew Willow tree.

(Image: Wouter Hagens²⁴)

Flowers: dioecious, yellow-green catkins showing in Spring
Fruits: tiny, brown capsules with fuzzy seeds inside

4. Goat Willow
(Salix caprea)

The Goat Willow is also called the Pussy Willow since the male parts resemble a cat’s paws.⁹ Mature trees reach 10m, and the tree has an impressive lifespan of 300 years.

Leaves: ovate, with fine gray hairs below
Bark: grayish-brown, forms diamond-shaped ridges when aging

Photo of a small yet leafy Goat Willow tree on a grass field

(Image: Hladac²⁵)

Flowers: dioecious, short gray male catkins and long, green female parts
Fruits: wooly, gray-green with tiny seeds

3. Crack Willow
(Salix euxina)

This flowering Crack Willow is a native plant from Turkey identified by pale leaves and smooth green, slightly brittle branches.¹⁰ Besides Turkey, you can also find it in various US states, Canada and Europe.

Leaves: lanceolate, bright green with serrated margins
Bark: gray-brown with coarse fissures when the tree is old

(Image: Willow²⁶)

Flowers: dioecious, produced in Spring
Fruits: capsules with cotton-like seeds dispersed by wind

4. Yellow Willow
(Salix lutea)

Native to Canada and North America, the Yellow Willow is a perfect addition to your home, and the impressive part is that it attracts butterflies.^{11, 12} It also loves damp soil like other willows and reaches 16 feet when mature.

Leaves: lanceolate, rounded base with fine serrations on the margins
Bark: smooth of softwood

Photo of a Yellow Willow tree situated at the foot of a mountain along the creek.

(Image: Matt Lavin²⁷)

Flowers: dioecious, blooms alongside the leaves
Fruits: cone-shaped capsules, each with cotton-like seeds

5. Dappled Willow
(Salix integra)

A Dappled Willow¹³ species is a tiny tree with unique features, unlike the typical willows. It has colorful white and pink leaves that make it stand out as a landscaping tree, and it has a rapid growth rate and is low maintenance.

Leaves: in opposite pairs of three-sided whorls
Bark: grayish green with yellow-red shoots

Photo of a small Yellow Willow planted a a fence.

(Image: Opioła Jerzy²⁸)

Flowers: brownish and reddish, in small catkins
Fruits: not present

Different Types of Willow Trees By State: Full List

State	Type of Willow Trees
Alabama	White Largegrey Weeping Carolina Heartleaf
Alaska	Feltleaf Barclay’s Little Tree Bebb’s Grayleaf Halberd Undergreen Dune Richardson’s Diamondleaf Sandbar Coastal
Arizona	Desert Bow Flowering Arizona Willow Crack Bebb’s Corkscrew Arroyo Creeping
California	Red Willow Arroyo Willow Sandbar Willow Yellow Willow Dusky Willow Booth’s Lemmon’s Del Norte
Colorado	Dusky Peachleaf Crack Weeping Black Globe Bebb’s Scouler’s Laurel White Peachleaf

Image of a tall Weeping Willow tree, with its drooping green leaves, along the river on a late afternoon.

(Image: cottonbro studio²⁹)

State	Type of Willow Trees
Connecticut	Dwarf Prairie Weeping Goat Purple
Delaware	Goat Weeping Black
Florida	Florida Willow Peachleaf Narrowleaf Golden Weeping Creeping Arroyo Black
Georgia	Weeping Coastal Plain Silky Black Weeping
Hawaii	White Weeping

Image of a tall Weeping Willow tree with its drooping leaves beside a hedge with red flowers growing onto the Weeping Willow tree bark.

(Image: Nadiye Odabaşı³⁵)

State	Type of Willow Trees
Idaho	Arroyo Cascade Arctic Bog Barclay’s Booth’s Alpine Bebb’s Myrtle Leaf Mountain Lemmon’s Eastwood’s
Illinois	Goat Black Golden Weeping White Prairie
Indiana	Black Peachleaf White Beaked Gray Weeping
Iowa	Golden Weeping Black Missouri Goat Peachleaf Sandbar
Kansas	Coyote Peachleaf Black

Image of a Golden Weeping Willow tree branch with its green and yellow drooping leaves in a house backyard.

(Image: ArtHouse Studio³⁶)

State	Type of Willow Trees
Kentucky	Gray Corkscrew Peachleaf White Goat Crack
Louisiana	Almond American Pussy Bebb’s Black Peachleaf Scouler’s Weeping
Maine	Brittle Purple Corkscrew Black
Maryland	Black Weeping
Massachusetts	Arroyo Crack Bebb’s Corkscrew Black White Bay

State	Type of Willow Trees
Michigan	Corkscrew Shining Prairie
Minnesota	White Weeping Laurel Corkscrew
Mississippi	Virginia Black Weeping
Missouri	Weeping Carolina Willow Meadow Black Prairie Goat
Montana	Peachleaf Weeping Goat Arctic Autumn Barratt’s

Image of several Black Willow trees in a wetland on a sunny morning.

(Image: Endercase³¹)

State	Type of Willow Trees
Nebraska	Black Peachleaf Bebb’s Goat Coyote Meadow
Nevada	Sierra Desert Red
New Hampshire	Goat Weeping White
New Jersey	Weeping Black Corkscrew
New Mexico	Coyote Arizona Willow Peachleaf

Image of a Willow tree with its twisted branches and green leaves along the shore of a pond.

(Image: Alexey Demidov³⁷)

State	Type of Willow Trees
New York	Heart-shaped Balsam Bearberry Sageleaf Bebb’s Black
North Carolina	Black Weeping Carolina Willow
North Dakota	Peachleaf Bebb’s Sandbar Goat
Ohio	Black Weeping Autumn Sandbar
Oklahoma	Weeping Desert Black

Image of a Willow tree in a pond, with its roots submerged under water, on a late afternoon.

(Image: Ali Karimiboroujeni³⁸)

State	Type of Willow Trees
Oregon	Coastal Willow Del Norte Scouler’s Peachleaf Hooker Sitka Sandbar
Pennsylvania	Weeping Bebb’s Dabbled Sandbar Black
Rhode Island	Black Weeping
South Carolina	Swamp Carolina Willow Coastal Plain Black
South Dakota	Red White Prairie

Low angle shot of a Weeping Willow tree with its rough brown bark, wide spreading branches and green narrow leaves.

(Image: Lucas van Oort³²)

State	Type of Willow Trees
Tennessee	Black Silky Weeping
Texas	Weeping Desert Black
Utah	Booth’s Mountain Narrow leafed Coyote Arroyo Carolina Coastal
Vermont	Black Weeping White
Virginia	Black Golden Weeping Virginia Willow

Image of a Golden Weeping Willow with its drooping yellow leaves in a city park with cars and buildings in the background.

(Image: Miguel Arcanjo Saddi³⁹)

State	Type of Willow Trees
West Virginia	White Weeping Black Sand Dune Crack
Wisconsin	Black Crack Weepin Shining Goat Satiny
Wyoming	Grayleaf Sandbar Golden Willow

Image of a Weeping Willow tree with its brown bark, branches and drooping green leaves, on the edge of a pond.

(Image: David Veksler³⁰)

What Is the Willow Tree? Willow Tree Description

Willows are beautiful trees from the genus Salix, available in hundreds of shrubs and trees.¹⁴ They are originally from cold areas in the north, and the various species range in size from low shrubs to giants over 90 feet tall.

The common feature among all willow tree types is their love for the water, explaining why you will often find them in wet places, unless for unique species adapted to dry climates.

While some types of willow trees have narrow leaves, others are lance-shaped or rounded, and most are famous for their flexible wood used in sculpting, basketry, and weaving.

Willow Tree Family (Salicaceae)

The willow, aspen, cottonwood, and poplar traditionally belong to Salicaceae, a family of flowering species. Since they resemble Passifloraceae and Violaceae, the family falls under the Malpighiales order.

All the Salicaceae members are shrubs or trees with simple leaves in alternate arrangements, and all are usually deciduous. Additionally, most have serrated leaf margins, and their flowers are inconspicuous and reduced.

Willow Tree Scientific Name: Willow Tree Nomenclature

The willow belongs to the Salix genus, which features several species of different forms. Most trees under the group are the willow, but shrubs with narrow leaves are the Osier, and the rest with broad leaves are the Sallow.⁵

Almost half of all willows grow into trees, while the others are low shrubs or sub-shrubs/ mini trees. Typically, the willow growth depends on its habitat and prevailing conditions.

The willow tree nomenclature is quite interesting. The genus Latin name is Salix, pronounced as SAL-iks, meaning to leap, given the species’ fast-growing nature, while the genus’s common titles are the Willow, Sallow, Osier, and Saule.

How To Identify a Willow Tree: Common Features of Various Types of Willow Trees

You can distinguish willow trees from other species by looking at the leaves, buds, and catkins.

Leaves

The willow leaves tend to be elongated or ovate but mostly feature serrated edges. They are simple, feather veined, and mostly serrated and round at the base. All the leaves are in green shades, taking bluish or yellowish hues.

Willows leaf out fast in Spring in February and are one of the last to shed in autumn, depending on factors like climate and habitat. For instance, boreal species like S. alaxensis drop earlier than species in southern regions.

Flowers

The female and male flowers are on different plants meaning they are dioecious, except the Salix martiana, the catkins usually appear before the leaves come out during Spring.

The male parts are a group of stamen, ranging from two to ten, while the pistillate comprises one ovary, a nectar gland, a base with one cell, two lobes on the style, and several ovules.

Buds

Each willow tree has unique twigs in various shapes and sizes. For instance, the buds and shoots of the White Willow have covers of white hairs on top, while those of the Gray Willow have fewer hairs but are tiny, red, and flat.

For the Weeping Willow, its buds are smaller and are close to the shoot, but the Goat Willow’s buds are brown or yellow, thick, and stick from the twig.

Where Do Willow Trees Grow Best? Favorable Conditions for Willows To Grow

The willow is a hardy species, but if you consider planting it, it will thrive under the following conditions.¹⁵

Growing Zone

Graphics of the Annual Extreme Minimum Temperature map.

(Image: US Department of Agriculture³³)

According to the USDA, the ideal hardiness zone for all willow trees is between 4-9.²

Zones 4-5 experience cold and are in the far north of the US in the interior regions, but zone, 7-8, are the central coastal areas.¹⁶

Rich, Well-Drained Soils

Like other trees, willows prefer moist soils with all the nutrients they need for fast growth. You may live in a region beyond the recommended hardiness zone, but planting in soils with slightly low pH and proper drainage will help your tree grow.

You can add organic matter if your soil is alkaline and drains poorly. One way to know is to check that the drainage is at least 1-6 inches an hour; otherwise, the soil may not be ideal if the water stagnates for too long.

Proximity To Water Bodies

Willows flourish when living near water sources like rivers, lakes, or ponds. They exhibit a fast growth rate, grow taller, and the roots can stretch while following the moisture.

The roots can extend to 45 feet or longer and sometimes damage water pipes and swimming pools when the water pulls them. Homeowners usually plant them near unwanted ponds for the roots to absorb the excess water.

Enough Room

You may want to use the willow for landscaping, but leaving an open space for the roots to extend is best. It is not advisable to plant one near the house or other trees because you risk damage from the strong roots.

Enough Sun

Willows need sunshine to grow; at minimum, they require 4 hours daily, and you can plant it even when your state receives less sun all year round. It means hardiness zones 1 and 2 are unsuitable, but zones 11 and 12 can work.

Where Do Willow Trees Grow? Common Places in the US Where Willow Trees Grow

Willows grow close to water bodies in zones 4-9 but thrive in 6-8 hardiness zones. Removing some areas in the northern US and lower Florida and Texas, you can find a high willow population in North America.¹

Kentucky, for example, accommodates various tree species and is in zone 6-7, suitable for willows. The summers are humid, but the winters are not as severe as in other regions. On the other hand, Tennessee is in zone 7, the middle of the required zones for willows, making it an excellent place to plant one.

For North Carolina, the state is divided into zones 7 and 8, and either can support the growth of willows. Coastal South Carolina is another excellent state for willows, thanks to the perfect temperatures, great weather, and moderate precipitation levels.

Georgia, Louisiana, and Alabama are other states in ideal hardiness zones that enjoy fantastic climates. If you live within the recommended zones, the best you can do to help grow your willows is to ensure that the prevailing conditions are suitable.

Leaf Types of Willow Trees: Willow Tree Leaves

The following are some leaves from some common willow trees.

Graphic showing leaf types of Willow trees including Dune Willow, Goat Willow, Crack Willow, Osier Willow, Black Willow, Weepimg Willow and White Willow on green brackground.

(Dune Willow Image: brendanboyd⁴⁰)

Dune Willow: Ovate, leathery, dark green, alternate pattern, measures up to 4 inches long
Goat Willow: Broad, elliptical, 4 inches long, smooth top and fine margins
Crack Willow: Lanceolate, measuring 6 inches long and 1.2 inches wide with fine leaf margins
Osier: Thin, long, pointed lanceolate leaves measuring up to 9.8 inches with finely serrated margins
White Willow: Lanceolate, tomentose at the top and bottom, with slightly serrated margins
Weeping Willow: Alternate pattern, simple, yellow-green top, and serrated margins
Black Willow: Simple, alternate design, lance-shaped, rounded base and tapered tip, yellow-green on each side

Willow Tree Leaves Benefits: What Are the Uses of Willow Tree Leaves?

The willow leaves¹⁷ contain salicin found in aspirin, making them part of the most prescribed drugs worldwide.³ Indigenous people also used the plant’s healing properties even before the invention of aspirin.

The leaves from the White Willow helped ease digestion issues and cure toothaches, gout, and other pains. Ancient Greeks also prescribed chewing the leaves to help reduce childbirth pain. The Arroyo Willow leaves were also fever and cold remedies for native Ohlone communities.

The Ojibway used red willow to relieve pain and ease indigestion, while the Kiowa used Peachleaf Willow to heal severe illnesses like pneumonia. Lastly, Willow leaves are wildlife forage thanks to the high protein content, unlike grass, which loses value during summer.

What Are the Types of Weeping Willow Trees?

The Weeping willow is one of the most famous willows, easily recognizable by the drooping branches. The leaves are green at the top and grayish below, and the tree reaches 30- 70 feet.⁴

Their suitable hardiness zones are 6-8, and you can provide all its needs for it to thrive at its surprising rate of 24 inches annually. The original weeping willow (Salix babylonica) has red-brown twigs and is perfect for landscaping.

The other types of weeping willow trees are the Golden and Wisconsin willows. The Golden has golden shoots and features a fast growth rate of at least 36 inches yearly, while the Wisconsin variety reaches 40 feet and is suitable for planting in the wet parts of your garden.¹⁸

All About the Desert Willow Tree

The Desert Willow Tree(Chilopsis linearis) is native to Mexico and southwest of the US and is from the bignonia family. It takes a tiny tree or shrub form depending on the habitat, and it is commonly found along streams in the Mojave Desert at 1500 meters elevations.

Image of a Desert Willow flower with its green narrow leaves and pink flower petals on a sunny day.

(Image: Gerardolagunes³⁴)

It is synonymous with the pink or purple scented flowers that show in Spring, summer, and fall.¹⁹ Its standard height is 5- 26 feet high and 10-20 feet wide, and it grows very fast considering its natural habitat, although it stays dormant the entire winter like other willows.

How To Identify a Willow Tree in Winter Using the Twigs

The willow leaves will have all fallen off in winter, but luckily, there are ways to identify one despite lacking some essential features. The leaves may be missing, but the twigs left on the tree can help you detect them.

For willows and dogwood trees, the young twigs typically appear yellow, red, or orange. You can confirm that the willow’s buds have a smooth layer, although you can see dogwood’s budding leaves if you look closely.

The Pussy or Goat Willow is also obvious when you see the male catkins, but for the Crack Willow, as the name suggests, the twigs will easily snap off if you slightly bend them, and there may be snapped twigs beneath the tree that the wind has snapped off.

How To Identify a Black Willow Tree

The Black Willow (Salix nigra) grows to 70- 100 feet and has a straight trunk and open crown. The leaves are long, pointed, finely-toothed, lightweight, simple, and alternate, measuring up to 6 inches and sometimes curved upwards.

The bark is rugged and takes a dark brown or black color; the sapwood is lightly tan, while the heartwood is reddish brown or light gray. The growth rings are usually not visible, and the wood tends to be slightly coarse.

You will also find the twigs slim and brittle, the flowers bloom from April to May alongside the leaves, and the reproductive parts are on different trees. The Black Willow’s seeds are multiple and tiny, relying on water and wind for pollination.

The Salix nigra²⁰

Willow Tree Problems To Look Out For

If planting a willow tree in your home, it is critical to know that its primary problem is pests and diseases like the ones below.²¹

The Crown Gall

This bacterium is usually a nursery problem that manifests as large, circular swells on the willow’s stem and crown. The parts fail to grow and may die; unfortunately, this infestation doesn’t have known control.

Twig Blight

Another bacterium to watch out for is the Twig Blight, which discolors the leaves and kills affected branches. You can see it as brown streaks in the wood but don’t misdiagnose it as frost injury; instead, you can chop off all the affected parts and spray a fungicide.

Leaf Spots

This fungal infection appears as patches of various color shades on the leaves, causing them to wither or fall, but you can control it by spraying.

Transport

Black spots form on the leaves appearing like tar droplets, and you should remove and burn the dead leaves to avoid letting the tree overwinter with the spots.

Cytospora Canker

Colored spots form on the various parts of the willow tree, later enlarging and gradually killing all infected parts. The weeping willow is most vulnerable to this fungus, and you should prune and burn the dead parts.

If you are keen on your carbon offsets credits and find the willow a beautiful plant for your home, there are over a hundred species to choose from. Besides the famous Weeping Willow, other species of different sizes and features stand out from other trees.

Whether going for a scrub, sub-scrub, or massive tree, the willow offers you various options. The key is ensuring enough water and sunlight and that the soil has proper drainage. Also, remember to plant any types of willow trees away from your house, pool, or water pipes since the roots can damage them during expansion.

Frequently Asked Questions About Types of Willow Trees

What Are the Common Types of Willow Trees in California?

There are several willow trees in California, but the most common include the Brewer’s and Dusky Willow, both endemic to the state. You will also find species like the Drummond’s, Tracy’s, Jepson’s, Snow, Greyer’s, and Coastal Willows.

What Are the Common Types of Willow Trees in Texas?

Over 80 types of willow trees live in favorable areas in Texas, but the Desert Willow is the most common, thanks to Texas’s arid climate. However, you can find other species, like the Weeping and Black Willow.

How Fast Do Weeping Willow Trees Grow? What Is the Growth Rate of Weeping Willows?

The Weeping Willows are some of the fastest-growing Salix species, recording up to 10 feet of growth annually. However, despite the rapid growth rate, they are also one of the shortest-living willows, with most averaging only 30 years.

Where Do Weeping Willows Grow in the US?

The Weeping Willow is native to China but still spreads throughout North America. You will find large populations in Georgia, and the regions westwards to Missouri, Oklahoma, and Texas, particularly in moist soils and stagnant or running waters.

How Long Do Willow Trees Live? What Is the Lifespan of Willow Trees?

The Desert Willow is one of the longest-living thanks to its hardiness. It can reach 50-75 years when growing in the wild, but other willows are not as fortunate. Most are fragile and start aging at 20 due to their rapid growth rates. The average lifespan of a Willow is at 30 years unless in exceptional cases and under proper care and maintenance.

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References

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²Gardeners Yards. (2022). Where Do Willow Trees Grow? Retrieved from Gardeners Yards: <https://gardenersyards.com/where-do-willow-trees-grow/>

³Grindstaff, T. (2022). Interesting Facts About Weeping Willow Trees. Retrieved from Love To Know: <https://garden.lovetoknow.com/wiki/Weeping_Willow_Tree_Facts>

⁴Terry, S. (2017, September 21). How to Identify Willow Trees. Retrieved from Garden Guides: <https://www.gardenguides.com/120161-willow-trees-kansas.html>

⁵Tree Names. (2021). Willow Tree Names and Types of Willows (Salix) Species. Retrieved from Tree Names: <https://www.treenames.net/ti/salix/willow_tree_names.html>

⁶NC State Extension. (2022). Salix babylonica (Babylon Weeping Willow, Silver Willow, Weeping Willow). North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from <https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/salix-babylonica/>

⁷Wikipedia.org. (2022). Salix alba. Wikipedia. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salix_alba#/media/File:Salix_alba_020.jpg>

⁸TTU Plant Resources. (2022, July 8). Corkscrew Willow. Texas Tech University. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from <https://www.depts.ttu.edu/plantresources/Pages/directories/landscape-info-sheets/woody-info/Salix_matsudanaTortuosa.php#prettyPhoto>

⁹USGS. (2022). goat willow (Salix caprea). USGS – Nonindigenous Aquatic Species. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from <https://nas.er.usgs.gov/queries/FactSheet.aspx?speciesID=3246>

¹⁰Wikipedia.org. (2022). Salix × fragilis. Wikipedia. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Salix_%C3%97_fragilis#/media/File:Salix_fragilis_002.jpg>

¹¹Penn State Extension. (2017, March 8). Pussy Willow – A Valuable Native Plant. Penn State Extension. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from <https://extension.psu.edu/pussy-willow-a-valuable-native-plant>

¹²Virginia Tech Dendrology. (2022). Yellow Willow. Virginia Tech Dendrology. Retrieved November 15, 2022, from <https://dendro.cnre.vt.edu/dendrology/syllabus/factsheet.cfm?ID=997>

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⁴⁰Photo 332359990 Photo by brendanboyd / CC BY 4.0 DEED. Resize and change format. iNaturalist. Retrieved February 20, 2024, from <https://www.inaturalist.org/photos/332359990>