The Carolina Silverbell Tree is just one of many trees that prefer the mountains, specifically the Great Smoky Mountains that straddle the border between Tennessee and North Carolina.
This National Park spans a colossal area of 522,427 acres and was founded in 1934 on a range of mountains that have been estimated to be between 200 to 300 million years old.
The Carolina Silverbell tree may not be quite that old, but each tree can live for up to 100 years and is a welcome and colorful sight in the mountainous region and beyond.
This complete guide explains all about the Carolina Silverbell tree, how you can identify it easily while hiking, and how you can plant your own to spruce up your outdoor landscaping look, and some other interesting and fun facts about this southern Appalachian beauty.
Carolina Silverbell Tree Facts and Planting Tips
Known for growing in USDA planting zones four to eight under conditions where the soil has an above-average level of moisture, the Carolina Silverbell is not ideally suited for lawns as they are not very drought tolerant trees if planted in the wrong soil. If you’re ever researching any planting tips for Carolina Silverbell trees, take note of the moist soil requirements needed to avoid any future problems.
Fortunately, to grow a tree such as this is relatively easy. Despite their delicate appearance, they are deceptively hardy.
To showcase just how user-friendly this tree is, here are a few fast facts and tips to ensure the nurturing process is seamless and as stress-free for you as possible.
- How long does it take for a tree to grow is a commonly asked question. On average, the growth rate is up to 12 inches a year.
So for it to reach its full mature height of 30 or 40 feet, it will take between six to eight years. - The name Silverbell comes from the shape and the way the flowers hang downward from the branches.
- The month when to plant Carolina Silverbell tree for the best yield is early June. It is recommended that instead of growing a Carolina Silverbell tree from a seed, you either start growing a Carolina Silverbell tree from a cutting or growing a Carolina Silverbell tree from a seedling.
If you want to start from a seed, expect to undergo a stratification period of between two to three months at least before you can even get to the sowing stage. - Purchasing a seedling that has already started to grow in a container from a nursery is probably the easiest method to grow a silverbell. When transplanting, apply organic fertilizer to add nutrients and aid in growing a healthy Carolina Silverbell tree.2
- You need to know how far apart to plant Carolina Silverbell trees to allow space for the branches to extend outwards unencumbered. Spaces of up to eight feet are best between each seedling to allow for sufficient growing room.
- The wood of the Carolina Silverbell tree is creamy white and very supple. Because of this trait, it is a favorite of artisans as it is easy to carve and shape into different forms of cabinetry.
How To Identify Carolina Silverbell Tree (Halesia Carolina)
There are clear telltale signs that you can use the next time you’re strolling through the Great Smoky Mountains to recognize one of these types of trees.
So attractive and appealing are they when in full bloom that it would be a shame to walk past one without knowing it for the great tree that it is.
Carolina Silverbell Leaves
The oblong leaves are often a dull green on the upside and slightly paler underneath, with tiny hairs sprouting from the surface. The edges are finely toothed, and they grow alternately on the stems quite close together.
As the year progresses, they change color from a bold golden color to a pale yellow before dropping off in the fall.
Carolina Silverbell Flowers
Between the months of April and May, the Carolina Silverbell (Halesia carolina) blooms with clusters of drooping bell-shaped flowers that are white with pink undertones.1 They droop from long stalks four or five together, and this is one of the most unmistakable and eye-catching features of the common silverbell.
Each flower has four connected petals, and although they are only visible in full for a week, both humans and pollinators enjoy them during that brief period.
Carolina Silverbell Seeds(Carolina Silverbell Tree Identification)
The fruits with the seeds inside emerge toward the end of the summer, and birds and other small animals typically eat the fruits and spread them far and wide. Virtually 50 percent of them are sterile, however, and that is one of the reasons why growing a silverbell from a seed is not the best option.
On top of that, the 90 days of scarification and stratification are so long that they will test the patience of even the keenest gardener.
Carolina Silverbell
(Halesia carolina)
- Family: Styracaceae
- Genus: Halesia
- Leaf: The leaves are between two to five inches long and are simple and alternate.
- Bark: The color is a light to a dark gray and the surface is scaly with deep furrows.
- Seed: There are two to three small, round, hard seeds for each fruit.
- Blossoms: The flowers bloom from April to May.
- Fruit: Pale yellow
- Native Habitat: North America
- Height: 30 to 40 feet
- Canopy: A spread of 15 to 30 feet
- Type: Deciduous
- Native Growing Zone: Acidic or neutral soil that drains well but stays moist.
IUCN Red List of Threatened Species Ranking
Least Concern
Image Credit: Samuel Stone (SamuelStone)7
Best Growing Conditions for Carolina Silverbell Tree (Carolina Silverbell Tree Growing Zone)
The USDA Hardiness Zones of four to eight have a temperature difference from a potentially freezing temperature of -25 °F to a more positive 20°F. Zones seven to eight are ideal for the silverbell, but the species is hardy enough to withstand colder temperatures for short periods.
The natural habitat and growing zone include lowland areas, stream banks, coves, and damp slopes where the soil has an acceptable level of moisture and drains well.
This is an important factor if you’re considering planting a Carolina Silverbell tree in your backyard, as one of the diseases that can infect your tree can be caused by the roots sitting in a pool of water that can’t drain away.
Exposure to full sunlight for three to six hours a day is essential, but the leaves can easily become scorched, so care has to be taken. To avoid this phenomenon in its natural environment, this understory tree generally grows partially protected by other, taller trees.
To mimic this scenario in your yard, find an ideal spot where it will get full sun first thing in the morning and then some shade from the middle of the day onwards, either from other trees or nearby buildings. Being well-draining is not the only requirement of the soil where the tree is rooted.
Acidity is important. To replicate the acidic pH level of 6.5 found in the field, so to speak, you may need to measure the acidic content in your backyard and then add any acidic soil amendments if necessary to bring it to the correct level.
After you have purchased a seedling from the store and even before you start to randomly dig a hole in your lawn, verify that all the conditions have been met so that the silverbell will not experience any unnecessarily high levels of stress.
Companion Plants for Growing Carolina Silverbell Trees
As an understory species, the Carolina Silverbell tree likes full sun but is equally at home in partial shade.3 To position any other plants within arms reach of the glorious silvery-white bell flowers, they have to have a similar level of shade tolerance.
Lenten roses, Japanese maples, dogwood trees, astilbe, vinca minors, redbuds, ferns, columbine, and a slew of different woodland wildflowers that are more than capable of residing within the same plot of your garden either to fill out the area or take advantage of the many pollinators frequently visiting the gangling flowers from the silverbell tree. Also, introduce hardy plants that will not absorb too much water or rob the silverbell of vital nutrients that they need to thrive.
Always conduct a little research because the whole idea of companion planting is that all the various species of flora and fauna will complement each other, rather than compete for local nutrients to survive.
Carolina Silverbell Tree Disease Prevention
This tree is one of the few that is not under attack by harmful pests that want to burrow into the bark or leech the sap from the leaves. Even diseases tend to ignore this species; only Phytophthora root rot, chlorosis, and yellowing of the leaves are reasons for concern if the watering needs for Carolina Silverbell tree are exceeded or the soil does not drain off any excess water.
How to stop Carolina Silverbell tree disease from starting in the roots or yellow of the leaves, care has to be taken to only apply water when the surface of the soil becomes dry to the depth of an inch or two.
Are There Any Common Pests of the Carolina Silverbell Tree?
The scale insect is probably the only pest that can be bothersome to this tree, but it will only be problematic if there is too much alkaline in the soil or if the tree is unduly stressed. If you’re not watering a tree enough, you’ll soon bear witness to the signs of neglect.
Practice mulching around trees and shrubs to retain the moisture in the soil, and it will also serve as a natural pest control for Carolina Silverbell trees.4
Silver Bells Plant and Tree Pollination
One of the advantages of the Carolina Silverbell tree is that you may either let it grow as a huge shrub with its naturally rounded crown and several stems, or you can prune it into a tree with only one central trunk, depending on your taste and landscape design. Whichever style you choose, the drooping nature of the flowers makes them most striking when seen from underneath the tree or shrub, but they still look impressive from all angles.
These pendulous flowers entice pollinators for tree pollination such as those below with available pollen and nectar in the springtime, and then they draw them in with the fruits that appear from September to October.
- Moths
- Butterflies
- Caterpillars
- Bees
- Hummingbirds
- Squirrels
In season, the Carolina Silverbell is a hive of activity. It can bring the most beneficial insects, birds, bees, and small animals into your outdoor living space, as well as simply brighten the area with its bell-shaped flowers.
Other cultivars of this plant sport different colored flowers, such as the Arnold Pink, the Rosea, and others like the Crushed Velvet and the Variegata, whose leaves are the main standout features.
Carolina Silverbell Tree
What makes the Carolina Silverbell tree so sought after is the decorative value it brings to any landscape. It doesn’t grow to towering heights and has a compact and medium-sized frame, so it can fit into a wider range of environments without being a dominant feature.
With a beautiful spring bloom of bell-shaped flowers, even as a shrub it can be very impressive when placed alongside patios or in small garden areas as a backdrop to complement taller trees. When used as an arrangement of cut flowers, the blooms are fragrant, and eye-catching, and are perfect for brightening the interior of your house.
At the end of the day, you just can’t go wrong with a floral display composed of the flowers from the Carolina Silverbell tree.
Frequently Asked Questions About Carolina Silverbell Tree
What Is the Carolina Silverbell Tree Growth Rate?
Depending on which USDA Hardiness Zone they are in, the growth rate and how long it takes to grow Carolina Silverbell tree can vary from six to eight years as they only grow between 9 to 12 inches a year.
What Are the Growing Zones for Carolina Silverbell Tree? Where To Grow in the USA?
The planting zones range from zone four, which encompasses the extreme cold of the north of Idaho, up to zone eight, where the weather in Texas, South Carolina, and Alabama is a lot warmer
How Much Sunlight Does Carolina Silverbell Tree Need Each Day?
As an understory plant, only three to six hours of sunlight are required on a daily basis for this tree to thrive.
What Is Scarification and Stratification?
These are two methods that are used naturally and artificially to break the dormancy of seeds so they can germinate quickly.5
References
1NC State Cooperative. (2023). Halesia carolina. NC State Extension. Retrieved December 15, 2023, from <https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/halesia-carolina/>
2Transplanting seedlings protocol, R. (2017, February 10). Transplanting seedlings protocol. United States Department of Agriculture. Retrieved December 15, 2023, from <https://www.ars.usda.gov/ARSUserFiles/274/Bamberg%20lab%20procedures/seedling_transplant.pdf>
3Smithsonian Tropical Research Institute. (2023). Understory. Rainforests. Retrieved December 15, 2023, from <https://striresearch.si.edu/rainforest/home/understory/>
4University of Maryland Extension. (2023, December 6). Mulching Trees and Shrubs. University of Maryland. Retrieved December 15, 2023, from <https://extension.umd.edu/resource/mulching-trees-and-shrubs>
5Jauron, R. (2022, December). Germination of Tree Seed. Iowa State University. Retrieved December 15, 2023, from <https://hortnews.extension.iastate.edu/germination-tree-seed>
62018-05-07longwood_8636. Photo by Laura Blanchard. CC BY-SA 2.0 DEED | Attribution-ShareAlike 2.0 Generic. Cropped and Resized. flickr. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from <https://flickr.com/photos/lblanchard/41101286525/>
7Photo by Samuel Stone (SamuelStone). Cropped, added texts, shapes, and background color elements, and changed file format. Pixabay. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from <https://pixabay.com/photos/carolina-silverbell-flower-garden-3412226/>
8Halesia carolina var. monticola Ośnieża karolińska 2020-08-07 01 Photo by Agnieszka Kwiecień, Nova / CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED | Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Cropped, added texts, shapes, and background color elements, and changed file format. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Halesia_carolina_var._monticola_O%C5%9Bnie%C5%BCa_karoli%C5%84ska_2020-08-07_01.jpg>
9Halesia carolina 2018-11-07 4383 Photo by Salicyna / CC BY-SA 4.0 DEED | Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International. Cropped, added texts, shapes, and background color elements, and changed file format. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved January 5, 2024, from <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Halesia_carolina_2018-11-07_4383.jpg>