Fuchsia Growing Guide: How To Plant Fuchsia Trees, Care, Pruning (Colors)

Kim Williamson, Author 8 Billion TreesWritten by Kim Williamson

Gardening | March 28, 2024

Woman pointing at flower wonders about a fuchsia planting guide that explains how to identify types of fuchsia trees, hardy fuchsia, hybrid fuchsia flowers, and fuchsia plant care tips, pruning and propagation.

Fuchsia is a genus of more than 100 unique species primarily endemic to the Southern Hemisphere but now introduced and cultivated in many parts of the world.4

Cherished for its profuse blooms, bright, exotic colors, and wildlife appeal, the Fuchsia plant is adored by gardeners worldwide, and gardening societies dedicated to the cultivation of these plants have been established in several countries.

With thousands upon thousands of cultivars and varieties, there is a lot to learn about these lovely, interesting plants.

This guide outlines how you can plant, grow and care for your Fuchsia plants, even the spectacular fuchsia tree from New Zealand!

Best Growing Conditions for Fuchsia Plants

The best-growing conditions for fuchsia plants depend almost entirely upon the fuchsia species and the variety being cultivated. With over 100 species and some 8,000 cultivars, species diversity is remarkable!

Thus, this section will focus primarily on the hardy fuchsia varieties often cultivated in the United States as well as the container fuchsia frequently grown as annuals.

Graphic of best growing conditions for Fuchsia plants showing indoor and outdoor fuchsias with a list of the optimal temperature, soil, and light conditions for fuchsias.

In general, fuchsias love warm, sunny days and cooler nights. They thrive when 24-hour temperatures hover between 60 and 85 degrees Fahrenheit.13

Fuchsia grows best in partial shade conditions, where it can receive some direct morning sun but be protected from direct rays in the afternoon hours when temperatures are highest.21 Warmer-colored flowers (oranges and reds) tolerate higher temperatures than cooler-colored flowers (blues and whites) and some can thrive in full sun conditions.21

Fuchsia is great as a container plant that can be transported indoors for the cold months.

Hardy fuchsia grown in-ground outdoors should be mulched heavily before the first frost. They grow best in humus-rich soil or a medium composed of coarse sand, potting soil, vermiculite, and peat moss in equal parts.

Containers that allow air circulation can benefit the plants greatly.13,21

Fuchsia Growing Zone

Fuchsia growing zones vary according to the species. Tender, tropical varieties native to Central and the northern region of South America are usually only hardy to zones 10 and 11.

The half-hardy cultivars commonly grown as annual container plants in the U.S. are only winter hardy to zones 8 through 10. But don’t despair about the growing zones for fuchsia (where to grow), as there are several hardy cultivars that can survive winters in zones 6 and 7 (See the USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map)!12,22

How Much Sunlight Does Fuchsia Need Each Day?

A common question that first-time fuchsia growers find themselves asking is “How much sunlight does fuchsia need each day?” Sunlight is actually one of the more important considerations for fuchsia plants which need lots of light, but not a lot of direct rays.

The ideal situation for a fuchsia plant is a spot where it receives a few hours of direct morning sun and filtered light or shade through the hotter parts of the afternoon.13

Companion Plants For Growing Fuchsia

There are several nice companion plants for growing fuchsia, and the best option depends on the type of fuchsia you are growing.

When growing fuchsia as container plants, plants such as impatiens, dichondra, petunia, and begonia tuck in nicely against the fuchsia. Meanwhile, hostas, rhododendrons, and lemon thyme make excellent companions for larger fuchsia varieties in the outdoor garden.1,12

How To Grow Fuchsia Trees

Fuchsia excorticata is the exotic New Zealand fuchsia which is the largest fuchsia species and boasts flaky red bark and blue pollen.20 Its gently twisting limbs make it an interesting specimen even in winter when the leaves are shed.

Thus, it can be a great addition to other landscaping trees.16

Some species of fuchsia are endangered and people around the world have researched how to grow fuchsia trees because they are not common outside of their native habitat.6

Generally, the Tree fuchsia grows near rivers, streams, and other water sources in the wild and prefers damp woodland areas where it is protected from the afternoon sun.

In cultivation, the New Zealand fuchsia is better grown as an ornamental shrub, as it can be pruned to different shapes and sizes. Of the many planting tips for fuchsia trees, the most helpful is probably to start the fuchsia tree as a container plant to better control its environment.7,8

How To Propagate Fuchsia Trees (Growing a Fuchsia From a Seed, Cutting, or Seedling)

A lot of people have wanted to know how to propagate fuchsia trees, and the good news is that growing a fuchsia from a seed, cutting, or seedling are all possibilities.21 The kōtukutuku can be propagated from seed by collecting fruit before it ripens completely and keeping it moist and warm until it is soft.

Graphic of how to propagate Fuchsia trees from seeds listing a step-by-step guide which include collecting fruits before it is ripe, mashing the fruits and extracting the seeds, sprinkling the seeds on soil, and watering it thoroughly.

The fruit can then be mashed and mixed with water to extract the tiny seeds. Seeds can be sown by sprinkling them on a prepared medium (seed-raising mix) and watering thoroughly.

Seeds germinate more quickly in cool temperatures, and refrigeration can accelerate the process.23,24

Knowing when to plant fuchsia for the best yield is also very important when growing from green cuttings.

The softwood cuttings should be collected in the summer or autumn and planted immediately in a moist, warm location. Once roots appear, the fuchsia can be transplanted to its forever home.

In the case of kōtukutuku, adequate water is essential, so prepare for watering a tree fuchsia daily in hot weather.2

Wondering how far apart to plant fuchsia trees? This depends primarily on the form desired for the tree.

Small ornamentals can be grown close together, and since this species enjoys a good bit of shade, it can be grown in the shade of larger trees as well.

Fuchsia Plant Care (Caring for Fuchsia in Containers)

Though many hardy fuchsias can be grown outdoors in USDA planting zones 6 and 7, even through the winter, the fuchsia varieties commonly grown in hanging baskets and containers require a bit more maintenance. Still, they are stunning when properly cared for and tended.

The Clemson Cooperative Extension Home & Garden Information Center provides some very helpful and informative guidelines for fuchsia plant care in cooler climates.21 The following are the major considerations in nurturing fuchsia in northern latitudes:13

  • Light Exposure

Fuchsia thrives in indirect natural light and tends to wilt beneath the direct rays of the sun, particularly in the hottest hours of the day. Protect fuchsia by placing them on a porch or beneath an overhanging.

  • Temperature Control

Fuchsia plants can be rather finicky about their atmospheric temperature, preferring consistent temperatures and moisture levels rather than either extreme or rapid changes.

  • Watering

The watering needs for fuchsia plants change throughout the year. New plants may require water daily or even twice daily in hotter climates.

As a general rule of thumb, fuchsias should be watered whenever the surface of the soil in the container feels dry to the touch. Watering should taper off as the weather cools and the plant approaches dormancy.

  • Fertilizing

Fuchsias benefit from regular fertilizing during the growing season. Fertilize new plants as often as once a week and at least twice a month.

  • Pruning

Pruning is a very important part of fuchsia care. Hardy fuchsias benefit from a heavy prune, removing deadwood in the late winter before new growth begins.

More tender fuchsia varieties benefit from pinching, and breaking off new shoots after they have developed two full pairs of leaves. The new shoots will branch from the point where they were pinched off, creating a fuller look.

Do not pinch any new growth that occurs late in the summer into fall.

  • Overwintering Indoors

Aside from the hardy fuchsia and its hybrids, most fuchsias are not frost-hardy. To maintain them from year to year, they must be brought indoors to overwinter.

  • Repotting

Repotting each spring will ensure the plant remains vigorous and healthy.

How To Keep Fuchsia Flowering

Gardeners looking for answers for how to keep fuchsia flowering month after month and year after year need to know a few things about these plants:14, 17, 21

  • Fuchsia flowers abundantly with warm days and cool nights.
    Most people know that fuchsias don’t do well in extreme cold but may not realize that they also dislike extreme heat. Flowering tends to die back when temperatures rise above a daily average of 76 ºF.
  • Fuchsia plants like a lot of bright, indirect light.
    Fuchsia flowers best and longest when it is grown outdoors and exposed to ample natural but indirect sunlight. Plants in an open, protected area will prosper.
  • Too much direct afternoon sunlight can adversely impact flowering.
    A few hours of direct sun in the morning can benefit fuchsia plants, but they typically wither beneath the hotter afternoon rays to the great detriment of their blooms.
  • Feed the plants.
    Fuchsia thrives in nutrient-rich soil and does extremely well when it is fertilized on a weekly basis. The key is to fertilize regularly but not heavily.
  • Fuchsia only flowers on new growth.
    Hard prunes for hardy fuchsia and pinching new growth on the stems of tender varieties will encourage a larger number of stems and branches that can bear flowers.
  • Don’t forget to deadhead old flowers to make room for new ones.

How To Stop Fuchsia Disease

Fuchsia disease prevention is vital, as the plant can succumb to various organic illnesses. The eponymous, Fuchsia rust, is the most serious, but fuchsia may also be impacted by Botrytis blight, and root rots from fungi such as Phytophthora, Pythium, and Rhizoctonia.21

Prevent these fuchsia diseases by ensuring the plant has good air circulation. Growing fuchsia plants in cloth or woven baskets or aerated containers can decrease the risk of these diseases.

It is also helpful to avoid watering plants from overhead and focus watering at ground level.

It can be time and labor-intensive to follow the protocol for how to stop fuchsia disease, but it is so worth it when a plant can be saved. Aside from increasing air circulation to the plant, the most important thing gardeners can do is to prune and discard any and all dead or infected parts of the plant to decrease the spread of disease.

One of the most common pests of the fuchsia is the whitefly which is also probably the most troublesome. Fuchsia are also preyed upon by fuchsia gall mites,9 aphids, spider mites, scales, and thrips, to name a few.21

The best natural pest control for fuchsia involves planting pest-resistant varieties of fuchsia. Sanitation and intentional pruning can also be critical in pest control.9

Fuchsia, Lady’s Eardrops, Hummingbird Fuchsia, etc.

(Fuchsia)

Fuchsia in oval frame on green background.
  • Characteristics: A genus of more than 100 species of mainly subtropical to tropical shrubs and small trees with striking colorful blooms
  • Family: Onagraceae
  • Genus: Fuchsia
  • Leaf: Simple. Opposite in pairs or whorled groups of 3 to 5. Usually lance-shaped and finely toothed
  • Bark: Stems are typically smooth and green to red. Tree fuchsia has cinnamon-colored, peeling bark.
  • Seed: Very small. Multiple contained within a single berry
  • Blossoms: Showy and abundant, often with bright, contrasting colors
  • Fruit: Berry (up to 25 mm), dark green, red, or purple, with many tiny seeds. Edible but not all species are palatable
  • Height: Wide ranging. Trailing species are often less than 1 foot. Taller shrubs can grow over 13 ft. New Zealand’s fuchsia tree can grow nearly 50 feet
  • Canopy: Highly variable
  • Native Habitat: N. America (Mexico), Central America, South America, New Zealand, Tahiti
  • Native Growing Zone: Most are hardy to zones 7 through 10
  • Type: Deciduous to evergreen (species dependent)
  • Conservation Status (IUCN Red List): Two species are Near Threatened, 6 species are Vulnerable, 4 species are Endangered, and 1 is extinct

How To Identify Fuchsia

Fuchsia plants can usually be recognized by their bright, often bicolored, drooping flowers, but learning how to identify fuchsia plants is easier than learning how to differentiate various fuchsia species and varieties. Most fuchsia plants have one of two types of growth habits: upright or trailing.

Graphic of the identification of Fuchsia plants, showing a Fuchsia flower, Fuchsia seed, and Fuchsia leaves.

Upright fuchsias are often representatives of the hardy fuchsia varieties, while trailers are usually the more tender, annual varieties.15,21

Fuchsia Leaves

Some fuchsia leaves are evergreen while others are deciduous, but most have an elongated shape with a tapered point. The leaves are simple and the margins are usually serrated.

On some plants, the leaves grow in opposing pairs while other plants display whorled groups of 3 to 5 leaves.5

Fuchsia Seeds

Fuchsia seeds are tiny, and multiple are contained within a single fleshy berry. Berries may be dark green, red, purple, and even black.

They are edible but differentially palatable.5

Fuchsia Flowers

The fuchsia flower is inarguably its most recognizable feature. Fuchsia blossoms are bell-shaped and pendulous, hanging heavily in pairs from the stems.

Fuchsia flowers are often bicolored with the corolla and surrounding sepals creating a striking contrast. The stamens are often long and brightly colored.

Most fuchsia flowers are pollinated by hummingbirds or similar species.21

Fuchsia Growth Rate

Many people have inquired about how long it takes to grow fuchsia. The answer depends in part upon the species, but the fuchsia growth rate is moderate, in general. Fuchsia plants can consistently grow more than a foot each year, but pruning and pinching will negate some of this growth.19

Types of Fuchsia Plants

Fuchsia are a large grouping of woody plants in the genus, Fuchsia,21 in the Onagraceae family.27

The genus encompasses more than 100 recognized species of flowering shrubs and small flowering trees and a single mid-size flowering tree species, with thousands of cultivars. It is because of their extraordinary beauty and bountiful, prolonged blooming seasons that fuchsia plants have been cultivated, bred, and hybridized so extensively… resulting in an incredibly diverse group of plants.

The many types of fuchsia are diverse not only in size and form but also in native habitat and hardiness. In the Northern Hemisphere, fuchsia species are native to the country of Mexico, the Caribbean Islands, and Central America (approximately 14 species in total), as well as the northernmost tip of South America.7

The vast majority of species are endemic to continental South America, stretching all the way down to the Straits of Magellan. There are also 4 extant species native to New Zealand and Tahiti.

While most are tropical or subtropical plants, some species are temperate, thriving in cooler weather.7

The following are some interesting fuchsia facts:21, 25, 26

  1. Fuchsia flowers, the genus’ most memorable feature, are actually edible.
  2. Most fuchsia flowers have contrasting colors between the sepals and petals.
  3. Hummingbirds are the most common pollinators of fuchsia plants!
  4. Many fuchsia plants can be pruned from a young age to take on specific forms and designs.
  5. Fuchsia can be readily propagated from stem cuttings.
  6. Fuchsia flowers have been used in dyes and makeup by indigenous cultures.
  7. Some species grow no taller than 8 inches, while other species can grow up to 15 feet (and one grows up to 50!).
  8. Fuchsia plants were first introduced to Europe in the late 1700s.

The following sections explore a few popular types of fuchsias.

Hummingbird Fuchsia (Hardy Fuchsia)

Most hardy fuchsia varieties are derived from Fuchsia magellanica,18 a cool-weather species endemic to the southern tip of South America. For this reason, it is often called ‘Hardy Fuchsia.’

Closeup of Hummingbird Fuchsia showing deep purple flowers with pink sepals hanging from flower stems.

(Image: Mary Hammel31)

Its other common name, Hummingbird fuchsia, is in recognition of the species’ primary pollinator, the fast-flying hummingbird.

Fuchsia magellanica is likely the species with the most cultivars and hybrids, many of which have been recognized and awarded by the Royal Horticulture Society,28 a prestigious gardening organization in the UK.18

Some hardy fuchsia cultivars boast deep purple flowers surrounded by bright pink to red sepals. Although pink flowers are less common in this particular species, some varieties do display flowers with pink corollas.10

Closeup of Hybrid Fuchsia showing bushy green leaves and white flowers with reddish-pink sepals.

(Image: Forest & Kim Starr32)

Hybrid Fuchsia

Fuchsia x hybrida is the most commonly grown variety of fuchsia in North America.11 It is an interspecies hybrid, cultivated from Fuchsia magellanica and Fuchsia fulgens to develop more hardy plants,29 but many sources include Fuchsia coccinea and Fuchsia arborescens as parent plants as well.30, 11, 21

The hybrid fuchsia is called ‘Ladies’ Eardrops.’ It is often grown as a container plant in the United States and does particularly well in hanging baskets that showcase its dangling blooms.21

There are several varieties or cultivars of this well-known hybrid fuchsia, such as ‘Angel’s Earrings,’ ‘Blaze,’ and ‘Gartenmeister Bonstedt.’

However, it is not the only hybridized fuchsia out there. There are at least two naturally occurring hybrids in the wild, and according to the University of Washington Botanic Gardens, there are more than 8,000 hybrids and cultivars.3

New Zealand Fuchsia or Tree Fuchsia

The New Zealand Fuchsia, Fuchsia excorticata,20 is undeniably the most unique of all Fuchsia species, growing to a full-sized tree. It is often known simply as ‘Tree Fuchsia,’ but in the language of the indigenous Māori people, it is called kōtukutuku.

Closeup of New Zealand Fuchsia or Tree Fuchsia showing iridescent blue sheen on the sepals and blue pollens.

(Image: Pseudopanax33)

Kōtukutuku is a deciduous tree endemic to New Zealand which thrives in damp forest areas near water sources. In ideal environments, it has reportedly reached heights of 50 feet with trunk diameters more than 1 meter across.

The tree fuchsia is most easily distinguished by its orange-red, peeling bark and its blue pollen! However, it is also appreciated for its small, brightly colored, pendulous blossoms that attract native nectar birds: bellbirds, silvereyes, and tūī which are credited with tree pollination.

The fruit of the kōtukutuku is a sweet, deep purple to black berry favored by the Māori. The non-native common brushtail possum is the greatest threat to the New Zealand Fuchsia, feeding on the trees to the point of decimation.7,20

Other Types of Fuchsia

Other types of fuchsia that are commonly cultivated include:

Species of the Fuchsia genus are a very diverse group,21 but most of the plants grown across Europe and the United States today are of the hardy fuchsia type or hybrid cultivars.

Fuchsia are often grown as annuals in containers, but it is possible for them to overwinter indoors in cooler climates. Even the tree fuchsia native to New Zealand can be grown in the United States, adding ornamental value to any landscape.

Understanding the needs of various Fuchsia plants can help ensure that the ones you grow will flourish in gorgeous beauty for years to come.

Frequently Asked Questions About Fuchsia

How Long Does It Take for a Tree To Grow?

Many people would love to grow a tree but begin to feel discouraged when they ask the question “How long does it take for a tree to grow?” While it is true that some types of trees, such as redwoods (Sequoia), yews (Taxus), and even large oaks (Quercus) can take decades and even centuries to reach maturity, many other types of trees, such as many willows (Salix), plum trees (Prunus), poplars (Populus), and maples (Acer) grow quickly, often reaching maturity in one to two decades.


References

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2Bailey, V. (2015, October 1). Little ballerinas. OTAKI MAIL. Retrieved December 22, 2023, from <https://otakimail.co.nz/little-ballerinas/>

3University of Washington. (2019, July 7). Fabulous Fuchsias: Selections from the Chilean Entry Garden. University of Washington Botanic Gardens. Retrieved December 20, 2023, from <https://botanicgardens.uw.edu/about/blog/2019/07/07/fabulous-fuchsias-selections-from-the-chilean-entry-garden/>

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9Washington State University. (2023). Fuchsia: Fuchsia gall mite. WSU CAHNRS and WSU Extension | Hortsense. Retrieved December 21, 2023, from <https://hortsense.cahnrs.wsu.edu/fact-sheet/fuchsia-fuchsia-gall-mite/>

10Northwest Fuchsia Society. (2023). GENUS FUCHSIA SPECIES. Northwest Fuchsia Society. Retrieved December 20, 2023, from <http://www.nwfuchsiasociety.com/species.htm>

11N.C. Cooperative Extension. (2023). Fuchsia x hybrida. North Carolina Extension Gardener Plant Toolbox. Retrieved December 20, 2023, from <https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/fuchsia-x-hybrida/>

12Greenthal, S. (2023, May 30). How to Plant and Grow Fuchsia. Better Homes & Gardens. Retrieved December 21, 2023, from <https://www.bhg.com/gardening/plant-dictionary/annual/fuchsia/>

13MENDOCINO COAST BOTANICAL GARDENS. (2023). Growing and caring for Fuchsias. Mendocino Coast Botanical Gardens. Retrieved December 21, 2023, from <https://www.gardenbythesea.org/about/education/master-gardeners/growing-and-caring-for-fuchsias/>

14This Is My Garden. (2022, April 16). Growing Fuchsia – How To Keep Fuchsia Blooming All Summer In Hanging Baskets & Containers! This Is My Garden. Retrieved December 21, 2023, from <https://thisismygarden.com/2022/04/keep-fuchsia-blooming/>

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16Hayes, C. (2022, June 13). June – Kōtukutuku – Native Plant of the Month. Pest Free Kaipatiki. Retrieved December 21, 2023, from <https://www.pfk.org.nz/post/native-plant-of-the-month-june-kotukutuku>

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18University of Washington. (2023, July 10). July 2023 Plant Profile: Hummingbird Fuchsia. University of Washington Botanic Gardens. Retrieved December 20, 2023, from <https://botanicgardens.uw.edu/about/blog/2023/07/10/july-2023-plant-profile-hummingbird-fuchsia/>

19Michaels, K. (2022, March 1). Shade-Loving Fuchsias Make Great Container Plants. The Spruce. Retrieved December 21, 2023, from <https://www.thespruce.com/fuchsia-great-container-plant-for-shade-847937>

20Orwin, J. (2015, July 1). Kōtukutuku – tree fuchsia. Te Ara. Retrieved December 21, 2023, from <https://teara.govt.nz/en/photograph/13807/kotukutuku-tree-fuchsia>

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24McGregor’s – Garden Genius. (2023). Tree Fuchsia Seed Kotukutuku. McGregor’s Garden Genius. Retrieved December 22, 2023, from <https://www.mcgregors.co.nz/product/tree-fuchsia-seed-kotukutuku-m4950>

25Hinojosa, L. (2023, September 9). 10 Surprising Facts About Fuchsia. Facts.net. Retrieved December 22, 2023, from <https://facts.net/nature/plants/10-surprising-facts-about-fuchsia/>

26Prestige Flowers. (2021, May 21). Fuchsia flower facts you may not know. Flower Press. Retrieved December 22, 2023, from <https://blog.prestigeflowers.co.uk/fuchsia-flower-facts-you-may-not-know/>

27Wikipedia. (2023, October 5). Onagraceae. Wikipedia. Retrieved December 22, 2023, from <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Onagraceae>

28Wikipedia. (2023, September 27). Royal Horticultural Society. Wikipedia. Retrieved December 22, 2023, from <https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Royal_Horticultural_Society>

29Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew. (2023). Fuchsia fulgens Moc. & Sessé ex DC. Royal Botanic Gardens | Plants of the World Online. Retrieved December 22, 2023, from <https://powo.science.kew.org/taxon/urn:lsid:ipni.org:names:612526-1>

30Klingaman, G. (1999, January 29). Plant of the Week: Fuchsia. University of Arkansas | Cooperative Extension Service. Retrieved December 22, 2023, from <https://www.uaex.uada.edu/yard-garden/resource-library/plant-week/fuchsia.aspx>

31Photo by Mary Hammel. Unsplash. Retrieved December 26, 2023, from <https://unsplash.com/photos/red-and-purple-flower-buds-D1qcxvLamb8>

32Fuchsia x hybrida (Fuchsia) Photo by Forest & Kim Starr / CC BY 2.0 DEED | Attribution 2.0 Generic. Resized and Changed Format. Flickr. Retrieved December 26, 2023, from <https://www.flickr.com/photos/starr-environmental/24891852145/>

33Fuchsia excorticata (tree fuchsia) flowers and leaves Photo by Pseudopanax / Public Domain. Resized, Cropped, and Changed Format. Wikimedia Commons. Retrieved December 26, 2023, from <https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:Fuchsia_excorticata_(tree_fuchsia)_flowers_and_leaves.jpg>

34Species Information Image: Fuchsia Flower Photo by Townsend Walton. Resized and Changed Format. Unsplash. Retrieved January 12, 2024 from <https://unsplash.com/photos/a-close-up-of-a-bunch-of-pink-flowers-Mt7e50vBpUw>