How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Mile: List by Type, Size, Energy Source

Carbon Offsets Credits | October 3, 2024

Man leans out drivers side window of his car and looks at a cloud of carbon emissions while wondering how much co2 does a car emit per mile.

When calculating the impact that cars have on the environment, many people wonder, how much CO₂ does a car emit per mile?

And while those numbers are good to know, the fact is that all vehicles have a carbon footprint… not connected to how many miles or kilometers they travel.

Vehicle manufacturing, operation, and eventual disposal play huge role in the total car footprint, especially the materials used.

But you can find out right now how much CO2 does a car emit per mile, using this calculator.

Read More About: Car Carbon Footprint Calculator

Construction of Cars and Their Maintenance Footprint

The construction of cars and their maintenance footprint are integral to any calculation of a passenger car’s impact on the environment and its contribution to global warming. This is true, even if a traditional passenger car’s CO₂ footprint mainly comes from fuel consumption and tailpipe emissions.

The construction of cars requires large amounts of plastic, steel, rubber, glass, paint, and more, which all produce CO₂ emissions.

Before Manufacturing Process
Manufacturing Process
After Manufacturing Process

Materials and processes that contribute to the carbon footprint produced by cars.

Processed fuels used in the manufacturing of cars.

The below table states the CO₂ emissions factor of several process fuels (during car manufacturing in China):

Type of Process Fuel	CO₂ Emissions Factor (kgCO₂/MJ, kgCO₂/kWh)
Coal	94.8
Electricity	834.5
Natural Gas	63.5
Coke	105.9
Residual Oil	89.3
Gasoline	82.0
Diesel	79.9
Blast Furnace Gas	260.0
Coke Oven Gas	44.4

Carbon dioxide emissions by different fuels used in the manufacturing of cars in China.
Energy used in oil extraction and energy used in oil refining also plays a part in the burning of fossil fuels. Extraction and refining of oil are necessary for conversion into usable fuel.

It takes around 1,700 kWh of energy to extract one barrel of oil (159 liters).
Petroleum refineries are responsible for the consumption of 3x ~015 Btu of energy every year. This is equivalent to 4% of annual energy consumption in America.

The below table indicates the CO₂ emissions produced during the car production process (China):¹

Component		CO₂ Emissions (kg per vehicle)
		Internal combustion engine vehicle	EV-NCM	EV-LFP
Basic Components	Body	CO₂ emissions: 2,767.9	CO₂ emissions: 4,393.5	CO₂ emissions: 4,393.5
	Chassis (no battery	CO₂ emissions: 1,684.7	CO₂ emissions: 2,665.5	CO₂ emissions: 1,665.5
	Powertrain system	CO₂ emissions: 2,092.5	CO₂ emissions: 145.6	CO₂ emissions: 145.6
Special Components	Transmission	CO₂ emissions: 617.4	CO₂ emissions: 455.2	CO₂ emissions: 455.2
	Traction	–	CO₂ emissions: 1,179.1	CO₂ emissions: 1,179.1
	Electronics	–	CO₂ emissions: 1,010.2	CO₂ emissions: 1,010.2
	Lead-acid batteries	CO₂ emissions: 24.5	CO₂ emissions: 15.1	CO₂ emissions: 15.1
Batteries / Attachments	Li-ion batteries	–	CO₂ emissions: 2,788.8	CO₂ emissions: 2,892.4
	Fluids	CO₂ emissions: 230.2	CO₂ emissions: 98.3	CO₂ emissions: 98.3
	Tires	CO₂ emissions: 677.1	CO₂ emissions: 677.1	CO₂ emissions: 677.1
	Lead-acid batteries (assembly)	CO₂ emissions: 14.1	CO₂ emissions: 8.7	CO₂ emissions: 8.7
Assembly	Li-ion batteries (assembly)	–	CO₂ emissions: 141.5	CO₂ emissions: 141.5
Assembly	Vehicle assembly	CO₂ emissions: 1,064.1	CO₂ emissions: 1,064.1	CO₂ emissions: 1,064.1
Total		9,172.5	14,642.5	14,746.1

How Much Do Cars Contribute to Global Warming?

Burning fossil fuels for energy, heat, and transportation is the largest source of carbon emissions in the US.

So, how much do cars contribute to global warming?

In America, transportation leaped to the top of the list of carbon emitters in 2017. These emissions are mainly produced by cars.

The below chart indicates the US transportation CO₂ emissions compared to other sectors:

Bar graph representation of the total GHG emissions in the US from different sectors.
The following chart indicates the percentage of carbon emissions emitted by passenger vehicles in the US, compared to other modes of transport:²

GHG emissions of the different mdoes of transportation used in the US.
It is estimated that large vehicles produce up to 85% more GHG emissions per km, compared to small vehicles.

Passenger vehicles account for 10% of human-caused GHG emissions around the world. In large cities, this figure escalates to 50%.³

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit?

The next question is, how much CO₂ does a car emit (single vehicle)?

It is estimated that a light passenger vehicle burning 1 liter of fuel, releases 3 kg of CO₂.

The following calculations also apply to light passenger vehicles:

A single car emits 4.6 metric tons of CO₂ every year.
This is based on the assumption that the car’s fuel economy is 22 miles per gallon and that the car drives 11,500 miles every year.
A single gallon of gasoline burned creates 8.887g of carbon emissions.

How Much CO2 Does a Car Produce?

It is estimated that the average passenger car produces around 4.6 metric tons of CO₂ every year. This is based on the assumption that the average passenger car’s fuel economy is 22 miles per gallon, and that the car racks up an average mileage of 11,500 miles per year.

Furthermore, every gallon of gasoline burned produces around 8.887g of carbon emissions.

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Mile?

The question then follows: how much CO₂ does a car emit per mile?

The answer is based on how emissions are determined for internal combustion engines. Conventional internal combustion engine emissions are calculated according to the tailpipe emissions produced by burning a gallon of fuel (gasoline).

8,887g of CO₂ emissions per gallon of gasoline
10,180g of CO₂ emissions per gallon of diesel

This (assuming fuel economy is 22 miles per gallon), equates to 404g of CO₂ for every mile driven.⁴

Following this discussion, the next question would then relate to how emissions are determined for electric vehicles.

While driving an electric car, no emissions are produced. Therefore the emissions produced by electric vehicles are referred to as upstream emissions – relating to the electricity production required to power an electric vehicle.

The below chart indicates the annual emissions per vehicle.⁵

Annual carbon dioxide emissions of 4 types of vehicles according to their fuel source.

It is often asked how emissions relate to fuel economy. From the above information, it is clear that the CO₂ from fuel use is directly related to the amount of fuel burned.

A diesel-powered passenger vehicle emitting 95g of carbon emissions per km burns around 3.7 liters of fuel every 100 kilometers.
A petrol-powered passenger vehicle emitting 95g of carbon emissions per km burns around 4 liters of fuel every 100 kilometers.

Read More About: Car Carbon Offsets: Eliminate Vehicular Carbon Emissions With Ease

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Km?

CO₂ emissions can also be determined per kilometer.

How much CO₂ does a car emit per km?

It is estimated that a medium gasoline-powered car emits 192 g of CO₂ per km.

In comparison, a medium car powered by diesel fuel emits 171g of CO₂ per km.

The below table highlights the CO₂ emissions of a passenger car per kilometer compared to the CO₂ emissions of other vehicles per kilometer:⁶

Mode of Transport	CO₂ emissions (equivalent per km)
Domestic Flight	255 CO₂e per km
Medium Petrol-Powered Car	192 CO₂e per km
Medium Diesel-Powered Car	171 CO₂e per km
(Short-Haul Flight – Economy Class)	156 CO₂e per km
(Long-Haul Flight – Economy Class)	150 CO₂e per km
Bus	105 CO₂e per km
Medium Motorcycle	103 CO₂e per km
2-Passenger Petrol Car	96 CO₂e per km
Electric Vehicle (Medium – UK)	53 CO₂e per km
National Rail	41 CO₂e per km
Ferry	19 CO₂e per km
Eurostar (International Rail)	6 CO₂e per km

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Minute?

Answering the question, how much CO₂ does a car emit per mile, can further be broken down into emissions per minute, hour, day, and year.

It is estimated that if every car in America idles for 6 minutes a day, 3 billion gallons of fuel would be wasted yearly.

The below table compares emissions produced by idling, cold starting, and restarting:

Emissions Produced	Tier 2-Bin 5a	Cold Start	Restart	Idle 30 Seconds	Cold Start divided by Restart
THC (mg)	878	191	44	8.0	4.3
NOx (mg)	552	228	6	0.3	38
CO (mg)	31,290	2,970	1,253	3.2	2.4

The average diesel vehicle emits around 10g of carbon emissions per minute, while most other vehicle types emit 0.1g of NOx per minute.⁷

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Hour?

If a traditional gasoline-powered car is idled for one hour, it burns ⅕ of a gallon of gas and emits almost 4 pounds of carbon into the air. Some types of cars will waste up to a gallon of gas if the car is left idling for an hour.

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Day?

When considering the question, how much carbon does a car emit per mile, the calculation can also be done per day.

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Year?

The logical question then becomes, how much CO₂ does a car produce per year? Both petrol-powered, and diesel-powered cars contribute to this calculation. It is estimated that a single-passenger car emits around 4 tons of CO₂ per year.

Furthermore, both diesel and petrol cars produce methane and nitrous oxide emissions from their tailpipes, as well as hydrofluorocarbon emissions from faulty air conditions. These emissions also contribute to global warming.

How Much CO2 Do Cars Emit Worldwide Percentage?

The below table indicates the percentage of CO₂ emissions produced by cars, compared to other modes of transport:⁸

Mode of Transport	CO₂ Emissions Percentage
Mode of transport: passenger cars	41%
Mode of transport: trucks (heavy and medium)	22%
Shipping	11%
Aviation	8%
Buses / Minibuses	7%
Commercial vehicles (light)	5%
Two or three-wheelers	3%
Rail	3%

1 ton of CO₂ can be compared to the following:

The amount of emissions produced by traveling 6,000 km in a diesel-powered car.

The below table indicates the amount of CO₂ pollution by country, related to road transportation (per capita).⁹

Country	CO₂ Emissions (CO₂kg per capita)
USA	4,486 CO₂kg per capita
Canada	4,120 CO₂kg per capita
Saudi Arabia	3,961 CO₂kg per capita
Australia	3,339 CO₂kg per capita
Malaysia	1,879 CO₂kg per capita
Germany	1,848 CO₂kg per capita
France	1,758 CO₂kg per capita
Spain	1,755 CO₂kg per capita
EU-28	1,712 CO₂kg per capita
UK	1,705 CO₂kg per capita
Iran	1,655 CO₂kg per capita
Italy	1,569 CO₂kg per capita
Japan	1,451 CO₂kg per capita
Mexico	1,225 CO₂kg per capita
Russia	1,070 CO₂kg per capita
Turkey	947 CO₂kg per capita
South Africa	894 CO₂kg per capita
Brazil	817 CO₂kg per capita
China	537 CO₂kg per capita
Indonesia	503 CO₂kg per capita
Vietnam	352 CO₂kg per capita
Ghana	251 CO₂kg per capita
India	205 CO₂kg per capita
Zambia	117 CO₂kg per capita
Cameroon	113 CO₂kg per capita
Tanzania	96 CO₂kg per capita
Gabon	94 CO₂kg per capita
Ethiopia	63 CO₂kg per capita
Eritrea	48 CO₂kg per capita
DR Congo	21 CO₂kg per capita

The below car emissions table further breaks down the data related to transportation C₂ emissions, by comparing the global CO₂ emissions of passenger cars between 2000 and 2020.¹⁰

Year	CO₂ Emissions in Billion Metric Tons
2020	3 billion metric tons of CO₂
2019	3.2 billion metric tons of CO₂
2018	3.1 billion metric tons of CO₂
2017	3.1 billion metric tons of CO₂
2016	3 billion metric tons of CO₂
2015	3 billion metric tons of CO₂
2014	2.9 billion metric tons of CO₂
2013	2.8 billion metric tons of CO₂
2012	2.8 billion metric tons of CO₂
2011	2.7 billion metric tons of CO₂
2010	2.6 billion metric tons of CO₂
2009	2.6 billion metric tons of CO₂
2008	2.6 billion metric tons of CO₂
2007	2.5 billion metric tons of CO₂
2006	2.5 billion metric tons of CO₂
2005	2.4 billion metric tons of CO₂
2004	2.4 billion metric tons of CO₂
2003	2.4 billion metric tons of CO₂
2002	2.3 billion metric tons of CO₂
2001	2.3 billion metric tons of CO₂
2000	2.2 billion metric tons of CO₂

Car CO2 Emissions per Km Calculator

A car CO₂ emissions per km calculator can be employed to produce accurate figures.

An average CO₂emissions calculator requires the following inputs:

Distance traveled in kilometers
Fuel type
Fuel consumption¹¹

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Mile?

The question, of how much CO₂ does a car emit per mile, can also be answered by comparing different cars.

The below table indicates the average global emissions per type of car per year:¹²

Type of Vehicles	CO₂ Emissions (CO₂kg/year)
Pickup trucks	3,510 CO₂kg/year
Large SUVs	2,550 CO₂kg/year
Sports cars	2,460 CO₂kg/year
Luxury cars	2,385 CO₂kg/year
Large cars	1,815 CO₂kg/year
Medium cars	1,515 CO₂kg/year
Small cars	1.470 CO₂kg/year

Are Electric Vehicles Greener?

So, are electric vehicles greener when compared to the above information?

Electric cars are commonly referred to as zero-emission cars. This is somewhat of a misnomer because electric cars are not truly zero-emission.

While electric cars don’t produce tailpipe emissions, their manufacturing process does (especially the battery). And when electric cars are not powered by renewable sources, their emissions escalate further.

The process of manufacturing a traditional gasoline-powered car and an electric car is much the same, except that electric car production produces more carbon emissions.

This fact comes down to battery production.

Batteries Are the Biggest Emitter

Batteries are the biggest emitter of carbon emissions during electric car production because they consist of lithium, cobalt, graphite, and nickel. These elements require extraction through mining activities, which in itself include highly polluting processes.

For example, to produce a single ton of one of these elements, 75 tons of acid waste is produced, as well as 1 ton of radioactive residues.

In addition to this, the energy consumption during the production of these batteries accounts for almost half of their entire carbon footprint, because the energy usually comes from high-impact carbon sources. Fortunately, the processes involved in manufacturing electric cars and their batteries are constantly being improved, which has a positive effect on the environment.¹³

Audi CO2 Emissions Calculator

Audi has launched a personal CO₂ emissions calculator on their website, to enable Audi drivers to calculate their CO₂ emissions per Audi model. The calculations in the Audi CO₂ emissions calculator are based on mileage and the amount of fuel purchased.

In addition to the calculator, Audi owners residing in Mexico are able to offset the emissions produced by their Audi vehicles, by purchasing carbon credits that come from the Oaxaca forests. The exchange is 250 pesos for every ton of CO₂.

The limit of carbon offset purchases is 2,500 pesos or 10,000 tons of CO₂. When the limit is reached, Audi owners can consider a daily driver carbon offset.

Carbon Footprint of Electric Cars vs Gasoline

The carbon footprint of electric cars vs gasoline cars is explained as follows:

In 2022, a study showed that the production of an electric vehicle does produce more CO₂ than a traditional gasoline-powered vehicle, but the difference in emissions is erased when the EV is driven because it does not produce tailpipe emissions.
It takes around 1.5 years for electric sedans to even out the pollution equation.
It takes around 1.9 years for SUVs to even out the pollution equation.
It takes around 1.6 years for pickup trucks to even out the pollution equation.

The study further reiterates the following:

Emissions from battery electric vehicles (sedans) are at 35% compared to that of an internal combustion vehicle (sedan)
Emissions from electric SUVs are at 37% compared to that of a gas-powered SUV.
Emissions from battery electric pickup trucks are at 34% compared to that of an internal combustion pickup truck.

Furthermore, another study has shown that while a regular internal combustion vehicle produces 66 tons of GHG emissions in the US during 200,000 miles of driving, a BEV emits 39 tons over the very same distance.¹⁴

Reviewing the above information, it is clear that finding the correct answer to the question, how much CO₂ does a car emit per mile, is more intricate than just estimating the CO₂ emissions of a gasoline-powered vehicle.

Frequently Asked Questions About How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Mile

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Mile?

Also assuming that the vehicle’s fuel economy is 22 miles per gallon, a regular passenger vehicle would emit around 404g of CO₂ per mile.

What Are the Cars With Lowest CO2 Emissions?

The cars that produce the lowest CO₂ emissions in 2022 include the following:

Toyota Yaris Hybrid – 92g of CO₂ per km
Kia Niro PHEV – 31g of CO₂ per km
Nissan Leaf – 0g of CO₂ per km
Renault Clio E-Tech Hybrid – 96g of CO₂ per km
Hyundai Tucson PHEV – 31g of CO₂ per km
MG ZS EV – 0g of CO₂ per km
Fiat 500 Electric – 0g of CO₂ per km
Kia Niro EV – 0g of CO₂ per km

How Many Electric Cars in the World?

In 2022, there are more than 16.5 million electric vehicles on the road around the world.

How Many Electric Cars in the US?

Statistics show that there are 2,531,206 BEV and PHEV vehicles in the US in 2022.

How Many Miles Can Electric Cars Go?

Full electric cars (BEV) can travel at least 250 miles on a single charge, with newer models from Mercedes and Tesla reaching distances of 600 miles on a single charge.

What Is California Electric Car Rebate?

The California Electric Car Rebate Program promotes the purchase of green vehicles in California. It does this by offering between $1,000 – $7,000 in rebates when a new electric, PHEV or fuel cell vehicle is purchased.

What Is Recycling and Decarbonizing the Grid?

Recycling and decarbonizing the grid relies on the recycling of clean energy technologies such as solar panels, lithium-ion batteries, and wind turbine blades.

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References

¹Science Direct. (2019, January 17). Comparative Study on Life Cycle CO2 Emissions From The Production Of Electric And Conventional Vehicles In China. Science Direct. Retrieved December 08, 2022, from <https://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1876610217309049/pdf?md5=4efd1d693e93804caf117e45af99e852&pid=1-s2.0-S1876610217309049-main.pdf>

²Chrobak, U. (2021, October 19). How America is tackling its greatest source of emissions. BBC. Retrieved December 08, 2022, from <https://www.bbc.com/future/article/20211019-climate-change-how-the-us-can-drive-less>

³Sgcarmart. (2022). My car’s contribution to global warming. Sgcarmart. Retrieved December 08, 2022, from <https://www.sgcarmart.com/news/writeup.php?AID=78>

⁴Larsen, D. (2020, June 9). Electric Vehicles, Emissions and Fuel Economy – SACE. Southern Alliance for Clean Energy. Retrieved December 08, 2022, from <https://cleanenergy.org/blog/electric-vehicles-emissions-and-fuel-economy/>

⁵Alternative Fuels Data Center. (2022). Alternative Fuels Data Center: Emissions from Electric Vehicles. Alternative Fuels Data Center. Retrieved December 08, 2022, from <https://afdc.energy.gov/vehicles/electric_emissions.html>

⁶Tiseo, I. (2021, October 4). Travel carbon footprint by transport mode. Statista. Retrieved December 08, 2022, from <https://www.statista.com/statistics/1185559/carbon-footprint-of-travel-per-kilometer-by-mode-of-transport/>

⁷Alternative Fuels Data Center. (2022). Which Is Greener: Idle, or Stop and Restart? Which Is Greener: Idle, or Stop and Restart? Alternative Fuels Data Center. Retrieved December 08, 2022, from <https://afdc.energy.gov/files/u/publication/which_is_greener.pdf>

⁸Tiseo, I. (2021, December 14). Global transport CO2 emissions breakdown 2020. Statista. Retrieved December 08, 2022, from <https://www.statista.com/statistics/1185535/transport-carbon-dioxide-emissions-breakdown/>

⁹Tiseo, I. (2022, March 21). Road transport CO2 emissions per capita by country. Statista. Retrieved December 08, 2022, from <https://www.statista.com/statistics/1201243/road-transport-sector-per-capita-co2-emissions-worldwide-by-country/>

¹⁰Tiseo, I. (2021, December 14). Global CO2 emissions from passenger cars 2020. Statista. Retrieved December 08, 2022, from <https://www.statista.com/statistics/1107970/carbon-dioxide-emissions-passenger-transport/>

¹¹Myclimate-CO2-Rechner. (2022). Car CO2 emissions calculator – Carbon offset car | myclimate. Myclimate-CO2-Rechner. Retrieved December 08, 2022 from <https://co2.myclimate.org/en/car_calculators/new>

¹²The World Economic Forum. (2022, April 22). Which type of passenger car produces the most CO2 emissions? The World Economic Forum. Retrieved December 08, 2022, from <https://www.weforum.org/agenda/2022/04/most-polluting-passenger-cars/>

¹³Gonçalves, A. (2022). Are Electric Cars Really Greener? What About Their Batteries? Youmatter. Retrieved December 08, 2022, from <https://youmatter.world/en/are-electric-cars-eco-friendly-and-zero-emission-vehicles-26440/>

¹⁴Taub, E. A. (2022, October 19). E.V.s Start With a Bigger Carbon Footprint. But That Doesn’t Last. The New York Times. Retrieved December 08, 2022, from <https://www.nytimes.com/2022/10/19/business/electric-vehicles-carbon-footprint-batteries.html>

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Mile: List by Type, Size, Energy Source

Construction of Cars and Their Maintenance Footprint

How Much Do Cars Contribute to Global Warming?

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit?

How Much CO2 Does a Car Produce?

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Mile?

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Km?

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Minute?

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Hour?

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Day?

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Year?

How Much CO2 Do Cars Emit Worldwide Percentage?

Car CO2 Emissions per Km Calculator

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Mile?

Are Electric Vehicles Greener?

Batteries Are the Biggest Emitter

Audi CO2 Emissions Calculator

Carbon Footprint of Electric Cars vs Gasoline

Frequently Asked Questions About How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Mile

How Much CO2 Does a Car Emit per Mile?

What Are the Cars With Lowest CO2 Emissions?

How Many Electric Cars in the World?

How Many Electric Cars in the US?

How Many Miles Can Electric Cars Go?

What Is California Electric Car Rebate?

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